📜 India–Pakistan Relations: A Timeline 📜

Year/Period	Event/Agreement	Key Points & Outcomes
1940	Pakistan Resolution (Lahore)	Demand for a separate Muslim state – foundation of Pakistan's creation.
1947	Partition & Independence	Creation of India and Pakistan.
1947	Junagarh Dispute	India annexed Junagarh on 9 Nov under Sardar Patel.
1947–48	1st Indo-Pak War	J&K accedes to India; India seeks UN intervention.
1948–49	UN Involvement & Ceasefire	UNSC Resolution 47; Line of Control emerges.
1950	Liaquat–Nehru Pact	Protection of minority rights in both nations.
1954–55	Pakistan joins SEATO (1954) & CENTO (1955)	Strengthening Cold War alignments.
1960	Indus Water Treaty	Brokered by World Bank; India gets eastern rivers, Pakistan the western ones.
1965	2nd Indo-Pak War	Ended by Tashkent Declaration (1966) mediated by USSR.
1971	Bangladesh Liberation War	India supports Mukti Bahini; Pakistan surrenders; birth of Bangladesh.
1972	Simla Agreement	LOC respected; peaceful bilateral resolution promised.
1988	Nuclear Installations Non-Attack Agreement	Neither will attack other's nuclear facilities.
1992	Chemical Weapons Ban Declaration	Joint declaration signed in New Delhi.
1998	Nuclear Tests (Pokhran-II & Chagai I & II)	Both nations declared as nuclear powers.
1998	Composite Dialogue Process	8 topics incl. CBMs, J&K, Siachen, Trade, Terrorism.
1999	Lahore Declaration & Bus Diplomacy	Pledge to reduce nuclear risks, improve relations.
1999 (May–July)	Kargil War	Pakistani intrusions repelled by Indian forces.
2001 (Dec)	Parliament Attack	Led to Operation Parakram & diplomatic freeze.
2003	India’s Nuclear Doctrine	No First Use + Credible Minimum Deterrence.
2004	Vajpayee–Musharraf Talks (SAARC Summit)	Diplomatic thaw post-attack.
2005	Srinagar–Muzaffarabad Bus	Cross-LOC humanitarian CBM.
2006–2008	Terror Attacks	Series of blasts; culminated in 26/11 Mumbai attacks.
2016	Pathankot & Uri Attacks	India retaliates with surgical strikes.
2019 (Feb)	Pulwama Attack & Balakot Airstrikes	Major escalation; MFN status withdrawn.
2019 (Aug)	Article 370 Abrogation	Special status of J&K removed; Pak protests globally.
2019 (Nov)	Kartarpur Sahib Corridor Opens	Religious diplomacy amid strained ties.

🗺️ Unresolved Bilateral Disputes & Issues

Kashmir Conflict

Brought to UN in 1948 under Article 35; still unresolved.

Siachen Glacier

Karachi Agreement (1949) left borders undefined; conflict since 1984.

Sir Creek

96-km estuary; 6 rounds of talks held – dispute remains unresolved.

Gilgit–Baltistan & CPEC

CPEC passes through this India-claimed territory – sovereignty concerns.

Indus Water Treaty

India reviewing due to Kishenganga & Ratle projects disputes.

🔗 Other Strategic Projects

TAPI Pipeline

Natural gas from Turkmenistan to India via Afghanistan & Pakistan; ADB funded.

CPEC

China’s BRI route through disputed Gilgit-Baltistan – India’s strong objection.